1, Tractors should be operated correctly. Correct operation has a significant impact on the service life of tractors. Currently, some operators have many problems in operation. The following are summarized as a warning.
1. Incorrect use of clutch. The correct operating method should be to gradually increase the throttle, gradually lift the clutch pedal, so that the clutch is smoothly engaged and the locomotive starts smoothly. If the operator suddenly lifts the clutch pedal while starting, the engine will suddenly increase the impact load, which can easily damage the components and reduce the service life of the equipment.
2. Not changing gears in a timely manner based on load changes and road conditions. Allowing the tractor to work at high speeds and overload can cause the engine to emit black smoke, uneven roads, and increased bumps during high-speed driving, which can easily damage the components and shorten the service life.
3. Overloading shipment. It is a common practice among locomotive operators to achieve economic benefits, which not only damages the locomotive but also makes it unsafe.
4. Not starting and starting according to operating procedures. Some drivers start the engine immediately and put it into load operation, but this approach is incorrect. As required, the tractor should be stopped at night and the crankshaft should be turned 3-4 times before starting the next day. Especially in winter when the temperature is low and lubrication is not good, the engine should be turned a few more times before starting to change the friction between parts from static to dynamic. After lubrication is obtained, the engine can be started. After starting the engine, the water temperature should rise to 40 ℃ before starting, and it can only be put into load operation at 60 ℃. This can reduce part wear and prolong the service life of the equipment.
2, Strengthening maintenance and upkeep is a summary of the importance of technical maintenance by agricultural machinery workers over the years. In order for tractors and agricultural machinery to be in good condition, technical maintenance must be done well.
1. The importance of technical maintenance. Technical maintenance refers to the systematic inspection of various parts of the machine, adding fuel, lubricating oil, and cooling water, cleaning the oil and soil in each part, tightening the connecting screws in each part, adjusting the gaps in each part, replacing some severely worn and damaged parts, and keeping the machine in good technical condition. Its importance is twofold:
① Proper technical maintenance can ensure good technical condition. During the operation of various parts of the machine, due to friction, vibration, and load changes, it is inevitable that fuel, lubricating oil, and cooling water will be consumed. The filters of fuel and engine oil will be dirty and clogged, and the clearance will change. The connecting screws of each part will be loose, and some parts will be severely worn or damaged, resulting in a deterioration of their technical condition, a decrease in power, a deterioration in work quality, and an increase in consumption. Through technical maintenance, as well as inspection, cleaning, tightening, adding, lubricating, adjusting, and replacing severely worn and damaged parts of the machine, it is necessary to regularly maintain good technical condition and meet the requirements of efficient, low consumption, high-quality, and safe production of agricultural machinery.
② Proper technical maintenance can extend the service life of the machine.
2. The types and main contents of technical maintenance: Technical maintenance mainly includes special maintenance, shift maintenance, and regular maintenance. Special maintenance includes shutdown and storage maintenance, seasonal maintenance, and trial operation and running in maintenance. Below is an introduction to the main contents of shutdown and storage maintenance and seasonal maintenance. Stopping and sealing maintenance refers to the maintenance of equipment that has been stopped and sealed for a long time.
The main maintenance contents are as follows:
Remove soil, oil stains, release fuel, and cooling water from the machinery and park it in a shed. If there is no shed, when parking outdoors, it should be parked in a higher, dry, and flat area.
If it is a tracked tractor, the tracks should be loosened and padded with wooden boards; If it is a wheeled tractor, the axle should be raised to lift the tires off the ground. The exhaust pipe and other openings should be plugged with wooden plugs to prevent rainwater from entering.
Lube and maintain all parts, add an appropriate amount of clean engine oil to the cylinder, and rotate the crankshaft several times. This maintenance should be carried out once a month during the storage period. Remove easily damaged components such as the battery, generator, magneto, electric starter, and fan belt and store them indoors. If the battery is stored for a long time, pay attention to antifreeze and recharge it.
Seasonal maintenance refers to the maintenance carried out during the winter and summer seasons. The temperature is bounded by 0 ℃, with temperatures above 0 ℃ indicating summer and temperatures below 0 ℃ indicating winter.
In addition to regular maintenance, seasonal maintenance should also include the following:
1. Clean the lubrication system and replace with appropriate engine oil.
2. Clean the gearbox and rear axle, and replace the gear oil.
3. Maintenance of the cooling system. After entering winter, it is necessary to clean the cooling system, remove scale, and install insulation equipment. Add hot water before starting in winter. After parking at night, drain the cooling water to prevent damage to the engine body and cylinder head.
4. Maintenance of the fuel system. Clean all parts of the fuel supply system, such as diesel filters and fuel tanks. Use different grades of diesel according to temperature changes. The pour point of diesel should be 5-10 ℃ lower than the local temperature, and if the temperature is 0 ℃, it is best to choose No. 10 diesel. During winter refueling, it is important to prevent ice water from seeping into the fuel system to prevent blockages.
